【上海水处理设备网www.szxqhb.com】从国家2019年大力推进垃圾分类以来，全国各地纷纷将形成3年的规划，将垃圾分类落实到地。垃圾分类之后，对渗滤液的水质势必有非常大的影响。对填埋场渗滤液，垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液的水量和水质都将带来非常大的影响，相对来说，这两种渗滤液案例较多，较为幼稚，将会在原来的基础上进行一定的改进和运行调整。

而垃圾分类之后的厨余垃圾的渗滤液成为目前更为关注的热点。垃圾分来之后的厨余垃圾（湿垃圾）就地处置迎来“春天”目前呈现迸发的趋势。而爆发的同时，限制该就地处置系统推广的环保问题之一，就是渗滤液（污水）处置达标排放。

要考虑如何将厨余垃圾渗滤液（污水）达标，先来了解一下厨余垃圾的成分，从厨余垃圾的含水率来分析该渗滤液（污水）水量与水质，从而针对性的来进行设计。

2020年7月17日在广州官网晒出了2019年广州市终端生活垃圾组成和性质的分析。

根据分析内容，2019年广州市的生活垃圾物理组成（重量百分比）如下：厨余类（主要为有机易腐垃圾）55.04%橡塑类23.03%纺织类8.66%纸类6.99%玻璃类2.22%木竹类1.64%混合类0.93%砖瓦陶瓷类0.80%金属类0.68%其他0.01%其中，混合类”指粒径小于10mm分类比较困难的混合物；其他指废弃的电池等物质）生活垃圾主要性质如下：容重266kg/m3含水率54.54%湿基低位热值6869kJ/kg

具体到厨余垃圾，根据相关论文分析看出，餐厨（厨余）垃圾组分平均含水率高达79.5％，干基成分中主要食物垃圾和骨头贝类为主，另有总油脂高、营养物丰富等特点。餐厨废弃物中固体废弃物约占18%废弃油脂约占3%餐厨废水约占79%餐厨固体废弃物主要含有淀粉,粗蛋白和粗脂肪，分别占总质量的32%20%和29%

根据论文“上海市分类后家庭厨余垃圾理化特性分析”对选定的6个街道进行厨余垃圾理化特性全面检测，由检测结果可知，上海厨余垃圾含水率在73%~89%之间，C/N比在14~20之间，脂肪含量在0.7%~2.1%之间，蛋白质在1.25%~2.15%之间，含盐率在0.09%~0.29%之间，重金属含量均低于《食品中污染物限量》GB2762-2012限值规范。

中国市政工程华北设计研究总院教授级高工，资深渗滤液处置专家杜昱曾在2020年5月的直播中讲到厨余垃圾渗滤液大多执行三级规范，但是对总氮的要求比较严，而厨余垃圾垃圾处置厂无法消纳浓缩液，因此非膜法在厨余垃圾渗滤液中将更有应用前景。

若采用厌氧发酵处置厨余垃圾的由于厌氧中发生的氨化作用，沼液中氨氮含量很高（已建项目实测值高达4000mg/l针对进水总氮高的特点应用于该厨余垃圾渗滤液处理中，将是全流程范围内考虑脱氮的问题，而不应该依托某一点。

厨余垃圾渗滤液全程脱氮，以及无浓缩液的工艺，将是符合社会需求的工艺技术，也是厨余垃圾渗滤液的难点与重点。  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